![]() The newest solar cycle, which began in December 2019, has been predicted to peak in July 2025, which means an increase in solar activity. It’s important to understand the solar cycle because space weather caused by the sun – eruptions like solar flares and coronal mass ejection events – can impact the power grid, satellites, GPS, airlines, rockets and astronauts in space. Every 11 years, the sun completes a solar cycle of calm and stormy activity and begins a new one. Parker is likely to be in the right place at the right time during future flybys as the sun’s 11-year cycle heats up with activity over the next few years. The sun has started a new solar cycle, experts say It passed through a feature called a pseudostreamer, a large structure rising above the surface of the sun that has been observed from Earth during solar eclipses. Understanding the presence of these features could allow scientists to match them with solar activity from the sun’s surface.ĭuring the flyby, Parker made another intriguing encounter as it passed 6.5 million miles from the sun’s surface. Parker wove in and out of the corona several times over the course of a few hours during the April flyby, which helped researchers understand that the boundary, called the Alfvén critical surface, isn’t a smooth circle around the sun. “It is very exciting that we’ve already reached it.” “We were fully expecting that, sooner or later, we would encounter the corona for at least a short duration of time,” said Justin Kasper, lead study author, University of Michigan professor and deputy chief technology officer at BWX Technologies, Inc. It occurred when the spacecraft made its eighth flyby of the sun and registered magnetic and particle conditions specific to a boundary where the sun’s massive solar atmosphere ends and the solar wind begins – 8.1 million miles above the surface of the sun. In April, the Parker team realized their spacecraft had crossed the boundary and entered the solar atmosphere for the first time. We can actually see the spacecraft flying through coronal structures that can be observed during a total solar eclipse.” “We see evidence of being in the corona in magnetic field data, solar wind data, and visually in images. “Flying so close to the Sun, Parker Solar Probe now senses conditions in the magnetically dominated layer of the solar atmosphere – the corona – that we never could before,” said Nour Raouafi, Parker project scientist at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, in a statement. However, the inside of the spacecraft and its instruments will remain at a comfortable room temperature. When closest to the sun, the 4½-inch-thick carbon-composite solar shields will have to withstand temperatures close to 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit. The probe will orbit within 3.9 million miles of the sun’s surface in 2024, closer to the star than Mercury – the closest planet to the sun.Īlthough that sounds far, researchers equate this to the probe sitting on the four-yard line of a football field and the sun being the end zone. NASA's mission to touch the sun is unraveling our star's mysteriesīefore Parker Solar Probe’s mission is done, it will have made 21 close approaches to the sun over the course of seven years. Illustration/NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben ![]() ![]() Illustration of Parker Solar Probe approaching the Sun. Scientists, including the spacecraft’s namesake astrophysicist Eugene Parker, want to answer fundamental questions about the solar wind that streams out from the sun, flinging energetic particles across the solar system. The Parker Solar Probe launched in 2018 and set out to circle closer and closer to the sun. The announcement was made at the 2021 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting in New Orleans on Tuesday, and research from the solar milestone has been published in the Physical Review Letters. “Not only does this milestone provide us with deeper insights into our Sun’s evolution and (its) impacts on our solar system, but everything we learn about our own star also teaches us more about stars in the rest of the universe.” “Parker Solar Probe ‘touching the Sun’ is a monumental moment for solar science and a truly remarkable feat,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, the associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, in a statement. Sixty years after NASA set the goal, and three years after its Parker Solar Probe launched, the spacecraft has become the first to “touch the sun.” The Parker Solar Probe has successfully flown through the sun’s corona, or upper atmosphere, to sample particles and our star’s magnetic fields.
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